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Pillar map

Critical Minerals

India can mine, but the refining and magnet-making layer that turns ore into usable material is controlled abroad, mostly by China.

54 players105 relationships19 chokepoints76% India-based
The stack

Where the value sits

Each layer and the chokepoints inside it, coloured by where India stands.

Indian capability Foreign-controlled Global / neutral
Who holds the veto

Chokepoints

Who controls each layer, and how much — ranked by concentration.

ControllerLayer / inputShareNote
Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL)controls CAMYEN Catamarca Lithium Blocks (5)15703 hectares5 blocks: Cortadera-I, Cortadera-VII, Cortadera-VIII, Cateo-2022-01810132, Cortadera-VI.
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)controls IREL (India) Limited100%IREL is a PSU under the Department of Atomic Energy.
Chinacontrols Spherical Graphite Processing99%China accounts for 99% of the global spherical-graphite market; ~80% of natural-graphite mining and >80% of coated spher
Chinacontrols Rare-Earth Separation and Refining (Solvent Extraction)91%China refined 91% of global magnet-REE output in 2024 (IEA Rare Earth Elements report).
Chinacontrols Cobalt Sulphate Refining78%China's share rose from 74% (2023) to 78% (2024).
Chinacontrols Battery-grade Lithium Refining70%China refines 70% of global lithium chemicals and 95% of hard-rock lithium ore refining (IEA Outlook 2025).
Battery-grade Lithium Refiningdepends on Lithium1 feedstock dependencyRefining capacity requires upstream lithium concentrate or brine.
Exide Energy Solutions Ltd (EESL)depends on Battery-grade Lithium Refining1 feedstock gapIndia has no commercial battery-grade lithium refining capacity as of 2026; the Bengaluru gigafactory will rely on impor
Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet Manufacturingdepends on Rare-Earth Separation and Refining (Solvent Extraction)1 feedstock dependencySintered NdFeB magnets require high-purity Nd oxide, Pr oxide and (for high-coercivity grades) Dy/Tb feedstock.
Amara Raja Energy & Mobility Ltd (ARACT)depends on Battery-grade Lithium Refining1 feedstock gapSame structural gap as Exide — domestic lithium refining does not exist.
Exide Energy Solutions Ltd (EESL)depends on SVOLT Energy Technology Co., Ltd.1 technology partnerSVOLT provides cell chemistry and manufacturing technology under a long-running partnership; a strategic dependency for
The ecosystem

Players by role

All players →
The moat

Where this pillar connects

Cross-pillar links only Techadyant can show — one graph, not five silos.