Pillar map
AI Infrastructure
India is building data centres at scale, yet the compute, memory and silicon inside them are almost entirely imported.
The stack
Where the value sits
Each layer and the chokepoints inside it, coloured by where India stands.
AI Infrastructure Ecosystem
Indian capabilityLiquid cooling and high-density thermal systems (opportunity surface)Captive and renewable power for data centres (opportunity surface)Networking and optical interconnects (opportunity surface)Sovereign compute / GPU-as-a-service (opportunity surface)Data-centre build-out (opportunity surface)Data-centre electrical and mechanical components (opportunity surface)
Indian capability Foreign-controlled Global / neutral
Who holds the veto
Chokepoints
Who controls each layer, and how much — ranked by concentration.
ControllerLayer / inputShareNote
IndiaAI Compute Portaldepends on AI accelerators (GPU)34381 gpu countPIB July 2025 cites 34,381 provisioned GPUs; later PIB updates cite more than 38,000 onboarded.
NVIDIA Corporationcontrols AI accelerators (GPU)80%OECD cites estimates above 80 percent share for GPU chips used in AI.
AI accelerators (GPU)depends on High-bandwidth memory (HBM)—AI accelerators require HBM for high-throughput model workloads.
AI accelerators (GPU)depends on CoWoS advanced packaging—High-end accelerator supply is gated by advanced package integration capacity.
AI cluster networking fabricdepends on Optical transceivers—AI clusters require high-speed switching and optical interconnect.
TSMCcontrols CoWoS advanced packaging—TSMC identifies CoWoS and other advanced packaging technologies as part of its technology platform.
The ecosystem
Players by role
Foreign incumbents (8)
Indian challengers (14)
Facilities & anchors (12)
Schemes & agencies (7)
Streams & inputs (17)
AI accelerators (GPU)AI cluster networking fabricAI Infrastructure EcosystemCaptive and renewable power for data centres (opportunity surface)CoWoS advanced packagingData-centre build-out (opportunity surface)Data-centre electrical and mechanical components (opportunity surface)Graphite (battery-anode grade)High-bandwidth memory (HBM)IndiaAI Compute PortalLiquid coolingLiquid cooling and high-density thermal systems (opportunity surface)Networking and optical interconnects (opportunity surface)Optical transceiversRare Earth Elements / Neodymium-PraseodymiumSovereign compute / GPU-as-a-service (opportunity surface)UPS and power electronics
The moat
Where this pillar connects
Cross-pillar links only Techadyant can show — one graph, not five silos.
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologyowns / controlsIndia Semiconductor Missionsemiconductors
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologysubsidiary ofIndia Semiconductor Missionsemiconductors
- Ministry of Electronics and Information TechnologyoperatesSemi-Conductor Laboratorydefence
- Ministry of Electronics and Information TechnologyregulatesCentre for Development of Advanced Computingsemiconductors
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologysubsidiary ofScheme for Promotion of Manufacturing of Electronic Components and Semiconductorssemiconductors
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Companydepends onDesign Linked Incentive Schemesemiconductors
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Companysupplies toDesign Linked Incentive Schemesemiconductors
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Companycompetes withPowerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporationsemiconductors
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologysubsidiary ofCentre for Development of Advanced Computingsemiconductors
- Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologypartners / jv withIndia Electronics and Semiconductor Associationsemiconductors
- People's Republic of Chinaowns / controlsGalliumcritical minerals
- National Critical Mineral MissionoperatesMinistry of Minescritical minerals
- National Critical Mineral Missionbeneficiary ofMinistry of Minescritical minerals
- National Critical Mineral Missioninvests inGeological Survey of Indiacritical minerals
- National Critical Mineral Missionbeneficiary ofGeological Survey of Indiacritical minerals
- Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnetsbeneficiary ofMinistry of Heavy Industriescritical minerals
- Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnetsinvests inVedanta Limitedcritical minerals
- Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnetsinvests inIREL (India) Limitedcritical minerals
- People's Republic of Chinaowns / controlsLithiumcritical minerals
- Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnetsinvests inVedanta Limitedcritical minerals