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Pillar map

Enterprise Software

The software stack running Indian industry — ERP, cloud and databases — is overwhelmingly foreign-owned, layer by layer.

35 players65 relationships19 chokepoints77% India-based
The stack

Where the value sits

Each layer and the chokepoints inside it, coloured by where India stands.

India Stack

Contested
Indian capability Foreign-controlled Global / neutral
Who holds the veto

Chokepoints

Who controls each layer, and how much — ranked by concentration.

ControllerLayer / inputShareNote
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologycontrols IndiaAI Mission—
Bharat Petroleum (BPCL)depends on SAP SE—Refining & distribution on SAP ERP
BSNLdepends on SAP SE—Telecom ERP on SAP
NTPC Limiteddepends on SAP SE—Utility ERP on SAP (Project Lakshya)
Bharat Heavy Electricals (BHEL)depends on SAP SE—Manufacturing ERP on SAP
Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL)depends on SAP SE—Core ERP on SAP (Project Manthan → S/4HANA)
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)depends on SAP SE—Core ERP on SAP (Project ICE, live 2004) — upgraded to S/4HANA on 11-Dec-2022 (ONGC channel)
Steel Authority of India (SAIL)depends on SAP SE—SAP core modernised on HPE GreenLake (Jan 2022, HPE newsroom); S/4HANA-ready
Air Indiadepends on SAP SE—Core ERP on RISE with SAP (2023) — finance/HR/commercial/ops/engineering
Airports Authority of India (AAI)depends on SAP SE—SAP ERP across 137 airports
Indian Railwaysdepends on SAP SE—SAP at transactional core (~20m tickets/day); IREPS e-procurement
SAP SEcontrols ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)—SAP is the dominant ERP across Tata, Reliance, IOC and most PSUs.
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)depends on Hyperscale public cloud (IaaS/PaaS)—Aadhaar workloads have used hybrid on-prem and hyperscaler cloud.
ServiceNow, Inc.controls IT Service Management (ITSM)—ServiceNow is the default ITSM/ITOM platform.
Oracle Corporationcontrols Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)—Oracle Database entrenched in BFSI, telecom and government systems.
Salesforce, Inc.controls Customer Relationship Management (CRM)—Salesforce anchors CRM in BFSI, pharma and IT services.
Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)depends on MeghRaj (GI Cloud)—GSTN runs on a hybrid of NIC GovCloud and empanelled CSPs.
Bharat Electronics Limiteddepends on SAP SE—Defence-production ERP on SAP + GRC
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technologycontrols MeghRaj (GI Cloud)—MeitY owns the MeghRaj policy; NIC operates the cloud.
The ecosystem

Players by role

All players →
Indian challengers (17)
Air IndiaBharat Electronics LimitedChargebeeDarwinboxFrappe Technologies (ERPNext)Freshworks Inc.Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL)InfosysKrutrimPerfiosRamco SystemsSarvam AITally SolutionsTata Consultancy ServicesWiproZoho Corporation
Schemes & agencies (6)
IndiaAI MissionMeghRaj (GI Cloud)Ministry of Electronics and Information TechnologyNational Informatics Centre (NIC)Reserve Bank of India (RBI)Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
Streams & inputs (4)
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023India StackMOSIPRBI Storage of Payment System Data directive (2018)
The moat

Where this pillar connects

Cross-pillar links only Techadyant can show — one graph, not five silos.