Pillar maps
Each strategic industry as one connected system — its value-chain streams, the chokepoints inside them, who controls each layer, and how the pillars link to one another.
Semiconductors
01India is funding the fab, but roughly 65% of the value chain — the eight upstream streams and their chokepoints — is still imported.
Critical Minerals
02India can mine, but the refining and magnet-making layer that turns ore into usable material is controlled abroad, mostly by China.
AI Infrastructure
03India is building data centres at scale, yet the compute, memory and silicon inside them are almost entirely imported.
Defence
04India integrates world-class platforms on a subsystem base — engines, seekers, RF electronics — it does not yet own.
Enterprise Software
05The software stack running Indian industry — ERP, cloud and databases — is overwhelmingly foreign-owned, layer by layer.