Eight Structural Gaps Decide Whether India's Dependency Actually Falls

Below the product-level dependencies sit eight economy-wide gaps — manufacturing R&D at 0.3% of GDP versus Germany's 2.8%, a 500,000-worker skills shortfall, thin test-and-certification capacity, costlier project finance and absence from RCEP and CPTPP — that constrain every localisation attempt, with a ₹1.14 lakh crore fix identified.