Beyond Quantum Computing

India's quantum conversation is dominated by the race to build a quantum computer. The larger story is the industrial ecosystem forming around it — computing, communication, sensing, cryogenics, photonics and post-quantum security — and where India can actually capture value. Backed by the ₹6,003 crore National Quantum Mission, India leads at the quantum-security and software layers (QKD, QRNG, full-stack systems) yet imports an estimated ~90% of the critical hardware beneath them. This report maps the emerging ecosystem layer by layer, scores the opportunity surfaces, and identifies where India's startups, MSMEs and investors can build beyond the quantum computer itself.